活性炭吸附-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定粗硒中的金

建立了活性炭吸附-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定粗硒中金量的分析方法。讨论了称样量、溶样条件和活性炭的灰化程度对金量测定的影响,并且对火焰原子吸收光谱法与火试金法测定粗硒中的金量做了比较。火焰原子吸收光谱法和火试金法测定的相对标准偏差分别为1.3%~5.9%和0.91%~7.8%;加标回收率分别为93.1%~100.7%和94.8%~102.2%。结果表明,方法有较好的精密度和准确度,并且具有较强的实用性。     

火试金-原子吸收光谱法测定锡阳极泥中金、银含量

锡阳极泥是锡冶炼过程中的一种中间产物,其中含有大量的金、银等贵金属。准确测定锡阳极泥中金、银含量有很重要的现实意义。采用火试金法能实现锡阳极泥中金、银含量的连续测定,方法准确度高,精密度好,金、银回收率在97.46%~101.66%,能很好地满足锡阳极泥中高品位金、银的测定。     

非均匀流体介质内部散射声场重建的逐层计算方法*

入射声波激励下非均匀流体介质内部散射声场的重建方法对超声层析成像具有重要意义。以往采用矩量法求解,但该方法全域离散形成的复数满秩矩阵规模随着分辨率与计算精度的提高而急剧增大,对算力具有很高的要求,一定程度上限制了其在实际中的应用。为克服上述缺陷,本文以逐层离散、逐层计算为核心思想,以声散射基本公式与近场声全息理论为基础,推导出逐层计算非均匀流体介质内部散射声场的理论公式并给出对应的几何离散模型。为验证该方法的可行性,以矩量法为参照,对同样的介质模型进行介质内部声场重构仿真。结果表明,逐层算法不仅可以有效地重建非均匀流体介质内部散射声场,且大幅度减小了求解规模。     

Effects of High Pressure on the Surface Plasmon Resonance of Copper and Silver Nanocrystals

We used a diamond anvil cell(DAC) to control the deformation of synthesized copper nanorods and silver nanoparticles. And we measured the surface plasmon resonance of copper nanorods and silver nanoparticles, which exhibit redshifts or blueshifts. The surface plasmon resonance shows an abnormal blue shift for both copper nanorods and silver nanoparticles. The solvents of copper nanorods and silver nanoparticles are n-hexane and water, where the pressure loads include quasi-hydrostatic and non-hydrostatic.     

Beyond green with synthetic chlorophylls – Connecting structural features with spectral properties

The distinct features of chlorophylls in photosynthesis have led to the formation of numerous derivatives for applications encompassing solar energy conversion, molecular photonics, photodynamic therapy, and molecular imaging. Synthetic chlorins created de novo and bearing a geminal dimethyl group in the reduced ring have proved invaluable for fundamental studies. Four decades of research have led to accumulation of tabulated spectra for > 400 such synthetic chlorins with distinct structural frameworks (17-oxochlorins, 13¹-oxophorbines, chlorinimides) and substituents (alkyl, aryl, ethynyl, phenylethynyl, acetyl, formyl) located at specific (meso, β) positions. In this review, spectral traces (324 absorption, 247 fluorescence) are assembled along with photophysical data including the molar absorption coefficient (ε), fluorescence quantum yield (Φ_f) and singlet excited-state lifetime (τ_s). The review uses the accumulated spectral data derived from chlorins all containing a uniform molecular scaffold to (1) highlight the effects of molecular structure on spectral features, and (2) identify trends including how ε, Φ_f and τ_s vary with wavelength and other features. Use of a common geminal-dimethyl-substituted chlorin scaffold – beginning with no substituents, to one substituent at designated sites, and to 2 or more substituents – provides a systematic Aufbau approach for understanding the absorption spectra of chlorins on a path to and beyond the native chlorophylls. The review provides insights concerning the rational design of potent analogues of Nature’s preeminent red-region absorbers for potential utilization in diverse applications and is aimed at multiple audiences: those interested in spectral properties, tetrapyrrole photophysics, and the molecular design of new chromophores.     

Operando XAFS on Hydrated Calcium Vanadium Bronze Cathode for Aqueous Zn-ion Storage

Multivalent ion storage and aqueous electrochemical systems continue to build interest for energy application. The Zn-ion system with 2 electron transfer and an ideal metal anode is a strong candidate but is still at the early stage of development. Using both in situ near-edge (XANES) and X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy, EXAFS, a nanostructured cathode material, Ca_xV₂O₅-H₂O (CVO), was probed at the V-K absorption edge. This operando study reveals the local electronic and geometric structure changes for CVO during galvanostatic cycling as the active material in an aqueous Zn-ion cell. The XANES data provides a fine resolution to track the evolution of the vanadium oxidative state and near-neighbor coordination sphere showing subtle shifts and delocalized charge. The Zn-ion influence on the V-K absorption edge is visualized using a difference technique called Δμ. Coupled with theoretical calculations and modelling, the extended region extracted local bonding information further confirms excellent electronic and structural reversibility of this vanadium oxide bronze in an aqueous Zn-ion electrochemical cell.     

微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法分析测定食用菌中总砷

摘 要：采用微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法分析测定食用菌中总砷。取可食部分的食用菌粉碎均匀,采用微波消解对样品进行消解,将消解液于140℃赶酸至0.5mL ,用超纯水转移定容至25mL。以0.1%的硝酸钯为基体改进剂,塞曼扣背景,用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定总砷。方法检出限为0.4μg/L,线性范围为0~30 μg/L,线性相关系数(r)大于0.998,采用精密度考察方法重现性,不同浓度水平的RSD%均小于6.6%;三个浓度水平的加标回收率为80.6% ~ 103.9%,有证标准物质测定结果符合要求。实验结果表明,方法操作简便、灵敏、准确,适合食用菌中总砷的测定。对砷形态复杂的野生食用菌,微波消解后可直接采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定总砷。     

泡沫塑料富集-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定金矿石中金

采用聚氨酯泡塑富集硫脲洗脱-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定金矿石中金。对样品称样量、硫脲洗脱时间、磷酸三丁酯的吸附效果和铁元素的干扰等工作条件进行了优化,解决了泡沫塑料吸附效率低和铁元素的干扰等技术性难题,提高了分析结果的精密度和准确度,弥补了传统的泡沫塑料富集-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定金矿石中金量的不足,方法检出限为0.06 μg/g,测定范围为 0.2 μg/g～100 μg/g,测定结果与标准值符合性较好,无显著性差异,精密度(RSD, n = 9) 小于2%。方法具有快速、简便、实用等优点,分析误差满足常规化学分析法的要求,能满足金矿石中金量的快速、准确测定。     

A Molecular Photosensitizer in a Porous Block Copolymer Matrix-Implications for the Design of Photocatalytically Active Membranes

Recently, porous photocatalytically active block copolymer membranes were introduced, based on heterogenized molecular catalysts. Here, we report the integration of the photosensitizer, i. e., the light absorbing unit in an intermolecular photocatalytic system into block copolymer membranes in a covalent manner. We study the resulting structure and evaluate the orientational mobility of the photosensitizer as integral part of the photocatalytic system in such membranes. To this end we utilize transient absorption anisotropy, highlighting the temporal reorientation of the transition dipole moment probed in a femtosecond pump-probe experiment. Our findings indicate that the photosensitizer is rigidly bound to the polymer membrane and shows a large heterogeneity of absolute anisotropy values as a function of location probed within the matrix. This reflects the sample inhomogeneity arising from different protonation states of the photosensitizer and different intermolecular interactions of the photosensitizers within the block copolymer membrane scaffold.     

The Photophysics and Photochemistry of Melanin- Like Nanomaterials Depend on Morphology and Structure

Melanin-like nanomaterials have found application in a large variety of high economic and social impact fields as medicine, energy conversion and storage, photothermal catalysis and environmental remediation. These materials have been used mostly for their optical and electronic properties, but also for their high biocompatibility and simplicity and versatility of preparation. Beside this, their chemistry is complex and it yields structures with different molecular weight and composition ranging from oligomers, to polymers as well as nanoparticles (NP). The comprehension of the correlation of the different compositions and morphologies to the optical properties of melanin is still incomplete and challenging, even if it is fundamental also from a technological point of view. In this minireview we focus on scientific papers, mostly recent ones, that indeed examine the link between composition and structural feature and photophysical and photochemical properties proposing this approach as a general one for future research.